Talking about the impact of climate change on agricultural production

    Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, and climate is an important determinant of agricultural production. The adverse effects of climate change on agriculture, especially natural disasters induced by extreme weather and climate, will cause fluctuations in agricultural production, endanger food security, and society. The stability and sustainable development of the economy.

     1. Characteristics and trends of climate change

Climate change is a statistically significant change in the average state of the climate or a change that lasts for a long period of time, specifically refers to one or both of the climatic average and the deviation value at the same time have a statistically significant change over time .

    1. The average temperature has risen significantly. The warming has been particularly pronounced in the past 50 years, mainly after the mid-1980s. If the annual average temperature rises by 1 degree, the duration of the accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 degrees can be extended by about 15 days nationwide on average, which is of great significance for crop production.

     2. Regional and seasonal imbalances in precipitation appear. The increase in temperature will accelerate the evaporation of surface water, leading to intensified water circulation, increasing the probability of heavy rain, and the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation and evaporation in various places will also significantly change. There will be both regional and seasonal imbalances in precipitation, that is, seasonal droughts occur when crops need water the most, which will have a serious impact on agricultural production.

    3. Extreme weather phenomena are increasing. Extreme climatic phenomena refer to rare events in a specific area and time. These extreme climatic phenomena include droughts, floods, low-temperature blizzards, hurricanes, and fatal heat waves.

     4. The melting of glaciers causes sea level to rise and sea water intrudes. The increase in temperature in the inland areas caused the retreat of glaciers and the rise of the snow line. In Antarctica, glaciers were gradually melting and the ice shelf was facing collapse. The Arctic ice cap was continuously melting, and the thick adult ice floating on the Arctic Ocean continued to melt. These factors were added to Shanghai. The thermal expansion of water will cause sea levels to rise.

     2. The impact of climate change on agricultural production

    1. Affect the growth and yield of crops. As climate warming will have a significant impact on the growth period of crops, future climate change will affect the production and output of major crops such as rice, wheat, and corn in China. Under the conditions of climate warming, if there is no new adaptation technology, the growth period of crops will be shortened, and the growth will be reduced, which will offset the effect of the extension of the annual growth period of the crops, thus having an impact on crop yields.

    2. Affect the quality of crops. Climate warming will have an impact on the quality of crops. Take rice as an example. Climate warming will affect the appearance and quality of rice. The high temperature from flowering to maturity can significantly shorten the maturity days of rice, resulting in poorly plumped rice grains, low embryo transparency, insufficient grains, and polished rice rates. Decrease, the rice grains are dull.

　3, cause agricultural pests and diseases. The occurrence of agricultural pests is closely related to meteorological conditions. Climate warming will aggravate the development of agricultural pests. This is because the ecological characteristics of crop pests such as distribution, growth and development, reproduction and overwintering are closely related to temperature conditions.

　 4. Exacerbate the drought situation. In recent years, as the global greenhouse effect has intensified and the temperature has continued to rise, the problem of aridification in northern China has become increasingly prominent. The overall precipitation will be relatively reduced. In the next 10 years, most areas in the north will continue to be dry, and the drought will not be alleviated fundamentally in the short term. The main production areas of China's grain production are mainly distributed in the southern region. The warming of the climate will lead to the occurrence of high temperature and heat damage, making the summer drought more serious. High temperature and heat damage will restrict the growth of crops and affect the planting and yield of millet, sorghum, corn, soybeans, etc.

　 5. Lead to frequent torrential rains and flood disasters. Extreme weather can cause large-scale continuous rainstorms or excessively concentrated precipitation, which often results in flash floods, steep rises in river water levels, and even river embankments bursting, reservoirs collapsed, roadbeds washed out, farmland flooded, houses collapsed, and urban water accumulated And so on, causing serious disasters.

　  6. Destroy agricultural facilities. Agro-meteorological disasters such as heavy rains and snowstorms can also cause major damage to agricultural facilities, collapse and damage greenhouses, seriously affect the yield and quality of greenhouse crops, damage agricultural irrigation systems and water conservancy facilities, and cause changes in agricultural production conditions, agricultural costs and investment Significant increase has increased the cost of agriculture.