What is the facility agriculture of the world's agricultural power?

Developed countries in the world, such as the Netherlands, the United States, and Israel, vigorously develop intensive greenhouse industries. The temperature, light, water, gas, and fertilizer in the greenhouse have been controlled by computer. From variety selection, cultivation management to harvesting and packaging, a complete set of Standardize the technical system.

U.S.

The first recorded greenhouse in the United States was built in 1737 by a wealthy Boston businessman, Faneuil, who, like his European predecessors, used the greenhouse to grow fruit. By 1825, American greenhouses were common, and many were heated with gas heated by coal stoves. Some greenhouses were built underground and relied on south-facing windows for heating, which can still be seen today. In the late 19th century, with the rise of heavy industry in the northeastern United States, the greenhouse industry also achieved rapid development in the United States. The concept of greenhouses has become more popular and practical. It is no longer just for the rich or owned by the rich. Anyone who is interested can have a greenhouse that they can afford.

The United States is the first country to invent computers, and it is also one of the earliest and largest countries to apply computers to greenhouse control and management. The United States has developed facility cultivation technology, and the level of comprehensive environmental control technology is very high. The environmental control computer is mainly used to monitor and control the greenhouse environment (meteorological environment and cultivation environment). Taking the flower greenhouse as an example, the monitoring items in the greenhouse include indoor air temperature, water temperature, soil temperature, boiler temperature, pipeline temperature, relative air humidity, insulation curtain condition, window opening condition, working condition of pump, carbon dioxide concentration, Ec regulation pool and return flow Pipe value, pH adjustment tank and return pipe value; outdoor monitoring items include atmospheric temperature, solar radiation intensity, wind direction and speed, relative humidity, etc.

In recent years, as people pay more and more attention to food safety and health, in order to avoid the harm of food contamination to health, many families in the United States have introduced gardening techniques and added some new ideas on the basis of traditional gardening, turning their backyards into practical plantations. . In order to produce food in the courtyard in various climates throughout the year, courtyard greenhouses came into being. In the past 10 years, a variety of greenhouses have appeared in the back gardens of American residents, such as greenhouses attached to the side walls of houses, free-standing glass greenhouses, free-standing plastic film greenhouses, and network hemispheric greenhouses. Some courtyard greenhouses are built on roofs or balconies or installed on ship decks.

home greenhouse

Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is very scarce in land resources. It has expanded its arable land by means of reclaiming the sea and reclaiming lakes. The per capita arable land is only 0.2 hectares, but it can mainly rely on modern facilities for horticulture and aquaculture, becoming the third largest in the world after the United States and France. Large agricultural exporter.

The Netherlands is the most developed country in facility horticulture. At present, there are 17,000 hectares of smart greenhouses, all of which are glass greenhouses, accounting for 1/4 of the world's glass greenhouses, mainly used for growing flowers and vegetables. Vegetables produced in Dutch greenhouses account for 3/4 of the country's total vegetable output value, and most of them are sold all over the world.

The flower industry in the Netherlands is very developed, mainly relying on greenhouse cultivation. It is the world's largest flower exporter and the world's flower trade center. The smart greenhouses in the Netherlands are in the forefront of the world in terms of area, scale and level, but there is no enterprise specializing in the production of greenhouses. Although there are some professional manufacturers of accessories, the production of greenhouses and supporting facilities is completely dependent on a high degree of socialization. , International market system.

The covering and insulation materials of the Dutch greenhouse are imported from Belgium, Sweden and other countries. The operation of greenhouse construction mainly depends on greenhouse engineering companies. There are 7 to 8 greenhouse engineering companies with international export capabilities. Design, project budget, material purchase, project outsourcing, etc., fully reflect the characteristics of intelligent greenhouse project construction. Holland's greenhouse engineering companies have provided engineering services for the Netherlands and Europe, and expanded cooperative business to countries all over the world, especially developing countries.

Japan

Japan is an island country, and its per capita arable land resources are lower than those of my country. The first greenhouse in Japan was built by British businessman Samuel Cocking in 1880 for the export of medicinal materials. Since the 1960s, the modern facility horticulture industry has developed rapidly. Greenhouses have developed from single buildings to multi-building large-scale and structural metallization. By the 1970s, the government provided farmers with large-scale modern intelligent greenhouses. Among them, the state subsidizes 50%, other subsidy 30%~40%, and farmers pay only 10%~20%, which greatly promotes the development of the facility horticulture industry and enters the world's advanced ranks.

Three people walk, there must be my teacher, this point, Chinese agriculture has been practicing, in order to further improve the level of China's agricultural development, my country has made a layout at the national level, from land reform to returning home to start a business, from agricultural modernization to rural areas The road to revitalization is not smooth, but we are looking forward to it.