Experts discuss“Big food concept”, high-quality development of facility agriculture.

The Institute for Food and Nutrition Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and rural areas organized a symposium on“Big Food”, zhang Youjun, a researcher from the institute of Vegetables and flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, made a report on the development of high-quality facility agriculture. Facility agriculture is an agricultural mode of production that uses industrial production concepts and engineering techniques to create a suitable growing environment for crops and achieve high yields, quality and efficiency, the report said, its development degree is one of the important signs of agricultural modernization. Our country facility agriculture mainly includes vegetable, fruit, flower and edible fungus and so on agricultural product production, among which the facility vegetable occupies the national facility total area 81% . At present our country facility agriculture is big but not strong, production level is not high, it is urgent to improve quality and increase efficiency. It is necessary and urgent to strengthen the scientific and technological innovation of facility agriculture, make up the shortage of industry and enhance the comprehensive production capacity to ensure the stable supply of important agricultural products in our country.

The necessity of developing facility agriculture the development of facility agriculture is the political requirement and inevitable choice to carry out the important directive and the central decision-making. Facility agriculture is“The biggest country”. “To establish a large view of food, to ask for food facilities to agriculture.”. In December, the Central Working Conference on rural 2021 called for “Accelerating the development of facility agriculture and strengthening the support of agricultural science and technology”, and document No. 1 of 2022 called for “Accelerating the development of facility agriculture in light of local conditions”, the government work report 2022 included accelerating the development of facility agriculture as a government task and set out clear requirements. The development of facility agriculture is an important measure to promote the comprehensive productivity of agriculture and to ensure the stable production and supply of agricultural products. Compared with the open-field cultivation, the protected vegetable cultivation is less affected by the weather change, the land use rate, the output rate are high, and the comprehensive production capacity is stronger. The plastic greenhouse has realized the supply of vegetables in early spring and late autumn, and the solar greenhouse has solved the problem of vegetable production and supply in winter in northern China, the shading net room increases the yield and characteristic varieties of summer and autumn vegetables in South China, and jointly promotes the annual balanced supply of vegetables and other products. The development of facility agriculture is an important way to solve the problem of employment in urban and rural areas and to increase farmers' income. Facility agriculture is a labor-intensive industry, with more than 80 million people directly engaged in facility production and in the supply, production and marketing of agricultural resources both upstream and downstream. The annual employment of facility vegetables has changed the past“Idle winter” into“Busy winter”, which has improved the efficiency of labor use, increased the income of farmers and effectively helped to revitalize the countryside.

In recent years, our country facility agriculture develops rapidly, the scale of production expands steadily, the regional layout is optimized day by day, the characteristic of energy-saving and cost-saving is outstanding, the mechanical equipment is applied gradually. The concrete performance is: first, the production scale expands steadily, has basically satisfied the anniversary supply demand. Our facility area is more than 42.7 million mu, accounting for more than 80% of the world's total facility area, of which facility vegetables account for 81% of facility agriculture. The combination of facility production and open field production, together with market configuration and transportation circulation system, has basically met the annual supply of vegetables in our country. Second, the layout is gradually optimized to achieve the basic coordinated development of the region. Taking into account the natural environment, resource endowments, market supply radius and other conditions, our country has gradually formed five major vegetable-producing areas, namely, the huang-huai-hai and the Bohai Sea Rim, the Yangtze Plain, the northwest, the northeast and the south.Third, energy-saving and cost-saving, take the Chinese characteristics of the road of development of facility agriculture. In our country, there are many kinds of facilities, such as solar greenhouse, plastic greenhouse and small and medium-sized arch shed, which are less investment, energy-saving and cost-saving, the overwintering cultivation of fruits and vegetables can be carried out in an area with a minimum temperature of -28 ° C (43.5 ° N) without heating, providing a"Chinese Model" for energy saving and emission reduction in agriculture and green development in the world. Fourth, the gradual application of machinery and equipment, labor productivity steadily increased. Our country facility vegetable mechanization level achieves 38% , the internet of things and so on information technology also has the application in the partial modernized greenhouse, the facility equipment science and technology level and the production efficiency promotes steadily.

To strengthen scientific and technological innovation and support the development of facility agriculture in our country, first of all, scientific planning and guidance, focusing on optimizing the layout of facility vegetables, and formulating guidelines for the development of high-quality modern facility vegetables, according to the resource endowment, ecological condition and Industrial Foundation, further optimize the regional distribution of facility vegetable production, scientifically determine the suitable facility type and structure, vigorously promote standardized facilities, form with the market demand, with the resources and environment to match the layout.

At the same time, we will give full play to the government's guiding role in setting up new facilities to enhance vegetable production capacity, and support the renovation of old facilities, the use of non-arable land and the adjustment of types of facilities, so as to enhance the comprehensive production capacity of facilities. To set up a special project for the construction of intensive seedling-raising of facility vegetables, to realize the full coverage of intensive seedling-raising of facility vegetables; to clarify the land-use policy for the production of modern facility vegetables, we will encourage the construction of new facilities on non-arable land such as the Gobi, tidal flat, saline-alkali soil, and sloping land. We will speed up the cultivation of new business entities and social service organizations, and accelerate the cultivation of a number of new entities such as large growers and family farms with moderate scale and strong driving capacity. We will also extend the industrial chain and establish new facilities for the concentrated production of vegetables, we will support the construction of facilities for field pre-cooling, graded packaging, storage, transportation and fresh-keeping, so as to reduce the proportion of corrosion and improve product quality. We will build regional public and enterprise brands with outstanding regional characteristics and distinctive product characteristics, increase financial support for facility vegetables, and improve the policy-based insurance for facility vegetables.