When growing vegetables, soil is the key!

Healthy soil and developed root system are the two main factors affecting vegetable yield. Dead plants and seedlings and increasing diseases and insect pests are the two major pain points brought by soil and root system to vegetable farmers! The quality of soil is an important factor affecting the development of roots. In fact, for vegetables to be productive, the soil is the key.

What kind of soil should I choose to grow vegetables in

Vegetables are fed with fresh and juicy products, generally with fast growth rate and multiple harvests in the production process. Compared with food crops, vegetables have strong root absorption capacity, like calcium, sensitive to ammonium nitrogen, high oxygen content in root respiration, and large demand for boron, etc., which have relatively high requirements for soil.

1. The soil is highly mature. Organic matter content should be 2% ~ 3%, preferably 3% ~ 4%. The total porosity is about 60%. The underground water depth is below 2.5 meters, and loamy soil is the best.

2, good temperature stability. Soil temperature stability is closely related to soil specific heat and heat transfer. Humic loam has the highest specific heat, clay soil and organic-rich soil with moderate porosity have high heat capacity and good temperature stability.

3. Good tillability. The suitable bulk density of vegetable soil is 1.1 ~ 1.3 g/cm 3, and when the bulk density reaches 1.5 g/cm 3, the root growth will be inhibited. The soil hardness of garden soil after ploughing is better at 20 ~ 30 kg/cm 2, and more than 30 kg/cm 2 will have adverse effects on the root system.

4, strong water storage and oxygen supply capacity. When the maximum field water capacity is reached, the soil is required to hold more than 15% oxygen content.

5, contain high nutritional content. Requirements for total nitrogen content of more than 0.1%, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen of more than 75 mg/kg, available potassium of more than 150 mg/kg, available phosphorus of more than 30 mg/kg, magnesium oxide of 150 ~ 240 mg/kg, calcium oxide of 0.1% ~ 0.14%, while containing a certain amount of available boron, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, molybdenum and other trace elements. The salt content of soil is not more than 0.4%, and it is better to be slightly acidic.

6, does not contain or contain less harmful and toxic substances. In addition to not containing industrial waste pollutants, it should also contain less highly toxic residues of pesticides, herbicides and continuous cropping obstacles.

Effects of soil problems on vegetable cultivation

First, soil fertility decreased, the yield decreased. The main manifestations are increased bacteria and residual toxicity, soil compaction and lack of organic matter. Due to the large amount of fertilizer application such as compound fertilizer and diammonium fertilizer, and neglect of the application of organic fertilizer, soil compaction, reduced air permeability, decreased activity of good air microorganism, root dysplasia, and susceptible to disease. Excessive application of fertilizer increases the pH value of vegetable fields and aggravates soil salinization. Lack of trace elements, many years of continuous cropping soil zinc, boron, iron, molybdenum and other trace elements are absorbed by vegetables, and can not be supplemented, these trace elements will be reduced year by year, seriously affecting the growth and development of vegetables.

Second, the soil layer is becoming shallower. The soil layer is shallow, the vegetable field is often manually dug, and the stubble connected intercropping garden is less dug, the soil layer is becoming shallow, affecting the root extension.

Third, crop diseases and pests are increasing year by year. If vegetables are planted continuously all year round, crop diseases and pests will increase year by year.

Five methods of soil improvement for vegetable fields

The practice of vegetable farmers has proved that the following five measures can be adopted to improve soil and optimize soil.

First, increase the application of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is a fundamental measure to improve soil properties. After increasing the application of organic fertilizer, water, fertilizer, air, heat, bacteria and other factors in the tilling layer can be coordinated and unified, which not only creates a good environment with appropriate temperature, humidity and complete fertilizer for the growth of the roots, stems and leaves of vegetable seedlings, but also effectively improves soil properties.

Two, soil deep ploughing and hoe. With the application of organic fertilizer, gradually deepen the ploughing layer, so that the depth of the ploughing layer reaches more than 30 cm, at the same time, the use of winter frozen soil, summer and autumn suncut, promote soil ripening, ensure the cultivation of fertile, improve the effective fertility of the soil, at the same time, to hoe, activate the soil, so that the soil permeability is good, after the general vegetable planting, should be every 3-5 days once again, the depth to 3 -- 5 cm is appropriate.

Iii. Scientific crop rotation. Reasonable rotation of vegetable varieties belonging to different families should be carried out, such as leaf vegetables needing more nitrogen, fruit vegetables needing more phosphorus and stem vegetables needing more potassium. The rotation of deep-rooted beans, melons and solanum with shallow root cabbage, kale, cucumber, onion and garlic can not only make full use of different nutrients in the soil and nutrients in different soil layers, but also gradually improve fertility and reduce the harm caused by the accumulation of bacteria and harmful substances.

4. Increase the species and number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil and establish a sound immune system for crops. After long-term continuous cropping of vegetables, harmful microorganisms accumulate in the soil, while beneficial microorganisms decrease. By using Baiyu soil remediation essence to immunize vegetables, beneficial microorganisms in the soil can increase, enhance soil permeability and water permeability, release unusable nutrients in the hardened soil, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and promote the growth of crop roots. Ensure plant nutrition supply, improve and optimize the soil environment at the same time to cultivate healthy plants.

Five, reasonable watering. Traditional watering has a strong effect on soil erosion and compaction, and the air in the soil is squeezed out by flood irrigation, and the aggregate structure of the soil is also destroyed, which is not conducive to the improvement of soil water and fertility preservation. After watering, the soil surface is hardened and the air permeability decreases. It is necessary to loosen the soil by ploughing, break the soil surface and restore the soil air permeability.

While planting vegetables, we must pay attention to the protection and regulation of the land. Scientific and reasonable planting, maintaining soil vitality and fertility, is the key to grow high yield, high quality vegetables.