The development of unmanned agriculture at home and abroad

Unmanned agriculture deeply integrates mechanization and information technology, takes whole-process intelligent management and precision operation as the core, guides production and operation through big data, and continuously improves the utilization efficiency of soil, water, fertilizer, seed medicine and human resources. It is an important development direction of modern agriculture.

Status of unmanned agriculture development at home and abroad

In recent years, the pace of application of digitalization, automation and intelligent technology in the agricultural field has accelerated, and the deep integration of mechanization production and information technology has initially formed the concept of unmanned agriculture, which has attracted wide attention from the society.

The unmanned agricultural system consists of three parts: production information collection facilities, production operation equipment and production management platform. With the whole-process intelligent management and precision operation as the core, the production operation can be guided by big data to achieve cost-saving, efficient, accurate and green, and form an agricultural production mode similar to the unmanned factory, which is an important development direction of modern agriculture.

On the whole, unmanned agriculture research and development in developed countries started early. Although it has been promoted in some fields and links, it has not been widely used. Our country started relatively late in this respect, but the development speed is fast.

One, unmanned field planting

It is difficult to realize unmanned operation because of the complex working conditions of field planting. North America and Western Europe have the foundation but need is not urgent, Japan and South Korea are in the embryonic stage, and China is gradually emerging.

There is a certain gap in technology innovation, manufacturing level and product reliability between Chinese and developed countries, and the trend of upgrading in equipment quality, machinery and tools types and intelligent level is accelerated.

It is noteworthy that in the field of unmanned planting, our country arbor protection unmanned aircraft development a unique, attract world attention. In recent years, unmanned aircraft for agriculture has been widely used. It can carry plant protection, image acquisition, seeding and other devices to complete different operations. It is mainly used in the field of agricultural aviation plant protection.

Our arbor protection unmanned aircraft in the total amount of equipment and operation area has developed to the world's first, but also in continuous development, flight control technology in the world leading.

Two, unmanned facilities cultivation

Mainly used in vegetable, flower seedling management, integration of water and fertilizer, pest control, harvesting and transportation, processing and packaging and other links.

In recent years, the United States, the European Union, Japan, South Korea and other countries have formulated national strategies to accelerate the application of industrial robots in the agricultural field, and the speed of agricultural robot research and development has accelerated significantly.

The mechanization rate of facilities farming is only about 30% in our country. Compared with developed countries, the overall level of automatic and intelligent equipment for facility cultivation is not high except for the environmental control system, and there is still a certain gap. Most of Chinese agricultural robots with independent intellectual property rights are still at the stage of prototype, there is still a certain gap in accuracy, efficiency and reliability compared with foreign countries. Taking grafting robot as an example, the products developed in China also need man-machine collaboration.

To our delight, our plant plants, characterized by soilless cultivation, three-dimensional cultivation and automatic management, have advanced research and development and products. They already have complete sets of technical equipment with independent intellectual property rights, and have entered the international market.

The intelligent cultivation logistics system runs through the whole plant, connecting the plant tissue culture workshop, plant cultivation workshop, plant growth control workshop and production workshop, forming the assembly line production mode of automatic transmission of seeds and seedlings and fixed-point operation. Compared with the traditional intensive seedling base, the labor productivity and capacity per unit area increased by more than 6 times.

Three, unmanned facility breeding

In developed countries such as Europe and the United States, the degree of automation of facility breeding machinery is constantly improving, and information and intelligent technologies have been applied to all aspects of animal husbandry. Various automatic monitoring system platforms for breeding environment have been built, and production modes suitable for different feeding scales and regional characteristics have been formed. In particular, less-human production of pig, dairy cow and laying hen breeding has been applied on a large scale.

The relevant research foundation is weak, the equipment intelligence degree is not high, the core components and high-end products rely on imports, but the development momentum of unmanned facility culture is strong.

From the development trend, unmanned agriculture will be mainly applied in the field of large-scale planting, facility cultivation, facility breeding, to solve the paddy field plant protection, seedling grafting, treatment of sick and dead livestock and poultry poor operating environment, high labor intensity, high precision requirements, difficult to prevent safety risks, market demand potential.

In recent years, the pace of information technology and intelligent technology and industrial development has been accelerated, and the application cost of some products has been reduced by 90%, making it possible to apply unmanned agricultural technology in production. At present, although the development of unmanned agriculture has a certain foundation, most of it is still in the exploration stage, and there are still many shortcomings in technology maturity and economy. It needs to go through a long-term evolution process to realize the complete unmanned agriculture.