The Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs formulated technical guidelines for spring vegetable production and management in 2023

Spring vegetable production management should focus on "stabilizing area, strengthening management and improving production capacity", increase the popularization and application of key practical technologies, and provide technical support for the Spring Festival and the stability of vegetable production in the future period.

First, reasonable arrangement of stubble

Spring vegetable production, facilities and open land overlap, stubble and cross. It is very important to arrange stubble scientifically and reduce the idle period of stubble change to stabilize the planting area of vegetables.

1. Prepare the seedlings. In spring, the temperature outside is low, which has higher requirements for seedling facilities and technology. According to stubble arrangement and planting plan, farmers should be actively guided to connect with intensive seedling raising enterprises (bases), and strive to reduce self-rearing rate, improve seedling quality, and ensure not to miss the farming time. Farmers should be guided to choose varieties with high yield, good quality and strong resistance according to market demand. Jacket and melon vegetables are recommended to use grafting seedlings.

2. Connect the dots. At present, it is the winter and spring stubble and early spring stubble transition period of solar greenhouse, to remove the previous stubble vegetable residue in time, do a good job of shed disinfection, timely maintenance facilities, repair the damaged shed film, insect control net, etc. It is necessary to improve soil fertility conditions by combining deep turning, increasing the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer, etc. Manure, cake fertilizer and other organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed and then applied to prevent burn roots. After transplanting, it can improve the ground temperature in the shed and promote the hair root by setting two films and covering mulching film.

Second, strengthen production management

(1) Facility vegetables

The main types of vegetables in spring facilities include tomato, cucumber, pepper, eggplant, string bean, cabbage, etc. In terms of management, it is necessary to strengthen the control of temperature, light, water and fertilizer, timely prevention and control of diseases and pests, extend the harvest period of fruits, and improve productivity.

1. Winter stubble vegetables in solar greenhouse. This crop of vegetables is in its peak production period, so the key point of management is to deal with low temperature and weak light, strengthen water and fertilizer management, coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, delay aging, and explore productivity. The temperature in the shed is controlled at 26℃ ~ 32℃ in the daytime, 16℃ ~ 20℃ in the first half of the night, and the lowest temperature in the early morning is controlled above 13℃. In sunny days, under the condition of ensuring the appropriate temperature in the greenhouse, cover the thermal insulation quilt as early as possible and extend the light time in the shed. On rainy and snowy days, the light intensity and duration can be increased by filling light lamps. According to local conditions, the application of biologic fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, chitin, alginate and other fertilizers conducive to root cultivation should be increased, and the leaf spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid nutrient solution. Timely removal of old and diseased leaves, thinning small fruit, deformed fruit, reasonable pruning, branching, hanging vine, vine fall. Reasonable water management, small water or drip irrigation under film. It is recommended to apply powder or smoke agent to prevent the increase of humidity in the shed caused by spraying.

2. Winter and spring stubble (early spring stubble) vegetables in solar greenhouse. This crop of vegetables is generally transplanted around the Spring Festival. The key point of management is to promote the normal differentiation of rooted seedlings and flower buds, coordinate soil, fertilizer, water, temperature, light and other conditions, and do a good job in the prevention of diseases and insect pests. After planting, the temperature should be controlled at 28℃ ~ 30℃ during the day and 13℃ ~ 15℃ at night, depending on the variety and growth. Water control should be appropriate after planting and slow seedling. Ridge surface should be covered with plastic film, and rice husks and corn stalks can be covered between rows. Fruit before watering as little as possible, watering can be added alginic acid, biological bacteria agent and other fertilizers, pay attention to phosphate fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, borax fertilizer supplement. If the plant growth appears long internode phenomenon, can be adjusted by appropriate control of water, nitrogen, night temperature.

3. Plastic arch greenhouse vegetables. Early spring cultivation of plastic arch greenhouses is mainly concentrated in March, when hot and cold alternations are frequent, prone to reverse cold, the key point of management is to do a good job of temperature control. To 15 to 20 days in advance with anti-fog drops anti-aging multifunctional film cover the shed, promote the ground temperature rise, 10 cm soil temperature stable above 12℃ to colonization. Adding fully decomposed organic fertilizer or high carbon compost, using high bed or ridge mulch cultivation. In the slow seedling stage, ventilation should be minimized. In early spring, ventilation should be based on waist wind and avoid bottom wind (sweeping wind). Leaf fertilizer such as glucose or amino acid water agent can be sprayed on weak plant growth, and plant growth regulator such as brassinolide can be sprayed to enhance the ability of cold resistance and freezing resistance of crops.

Iii. Scientific disaster prevention and mitigation

Vegetable production in spring is faced with the risk of disastrous weather such as low temperature, rain and snow, strong wind and cold in spring. We should pay close attention to the weather changes, establish the idea that reducing disaster is increasing production, and take various preventive and coping technical measures effectively to reduce disaster losses.

(1) Do a good job in prevention. In order to prevent wind, rain and snow from damaging the structure of facilities, production facilities should be inspected and repaired in time. Greenhouse skeleton corrosion and aging serious to timely maintenance reinforcement or replacement. The column should be prepared in advance for the shed with poor snow load performance. Earth wall solar greenhouse roof cover film, prevent rain and snow leakage damage wall. Repair the damaged shed film in time and press the shed film press line in advance.

Get your snow removal kit ready.

2. Increasing temperature and maintaining heat. Before the cold current, cold and other weather, can be taken in the shed door and the front of the shed hanging film, hanging buffer film under the upper vent, hanging two film in the shed or cover the small arch shed and other multi-layer covering measures, to ensure the appropriate temperature in the shed. In case of rain or snow, the insulation quilt can be covered with plastic film to improve the insulation effect. In case of extreme low temperature, heating block, electric furnace, hot fan can be used for emergency heating, but special attention should be paid to the safety of fire and electricity. Open-field vegetables can be covered with plastic film or temporary small arch shed to prevent cold.

3. Strengthen field management. Continuous overcast days, to timely use of fill light lamp fill light, promote the normal growth of vegetables. Long Yin and clear, can be properly put half of the heat preservation around noon (back to cover management), avoid plants wilting. Before the cold current, spray 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3% white sugar solution, etc., to improve cold resistance. Timely harvest mature fruits, remove old diseased leaves and fruits of no commercial value, reduce plant load. Appropriate application of humic acid or alginate fertilizer can improve root activity and promote the growth of new leaves.