What are the advantages of soilless cultivation of organic vegetables and what should be paid attention to in cultivation?

With the increasing attention of consumers to food safety, health and nutrition, vegetables, as a kind of organic food, should follow natural laws and ecological principles, adopt a series of sustainable development of science and technology, and do not use pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides and growth regulators in the production process, to meet people's pursuit of high-quality vegetable products;

Organic vegetables are a top product form of vegetables and green ecological pollution-free characteristics in one, the improvement of living standards, people's demand for organic vegetables is increasing, organic vegetable soilless cultivation as a new modern agricultural technology, many advantages of the development potential is great, its application in the production of organic vegetables, to play a role in promoting the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages. Let's take a look at the characteristics of organic vegetable soilless cultivation and the problems that vegetable soilless cultivation should pay attention to:

First, the characteristics of soilless cultivation of organic vegetables

1. The advantages of soilless cultivation of organic vegetables

The combination of soilless cultivation technology and facility horticulture can reasonably adjust the growing environmental conditions of crops and give full play to the growth potential of crops. Compared with soil cultivation, the growth rate of soilless cultivated plants was faster and stronger. For example, about 40 days after sowing cucumber, the plant height, leaf number and relative maximum leaf area of soilless cultivated cucumber were 4 times that of soil cultivated cucumber. The yield can be multiplied.

In addition, soilless cultivated crops not only have high yield, but also good product quality and pollution-free. Lettuce, mustard, celery, cabbage and other green vegetables produced by general soilless cultivation have fast growth rate, low crude fiber content and high vitamin c content. Cucumbers, melons and other melon vegetables have neat appearance, uniform work, good taste and high nutritional value. For example, the vitamin c content of tomatoes cultivated without soil is more than 25% higher than that of tomatoes cultivated in soil.

2, save labor and labor

Soilless culture can avoid the loss and leakage of nutrients caused by soil irrigation and watering, as well as the absorption and fixation of soil microorganisms, which can be fully absorbed and utilized by crops. The water consumption of soilless culture is more than 75% less than that of soil culture, and the fertilizer utilization rate of soil culture is only about 50%, or even less than 25%. The fertilizer utilization rate of soilless cultivation can be as high as 90%.

Soilless cultivation saves heavy physical activities such as tilling, ploughing, ridging, weeding, etc., and with the use of computers and intelligent systems in the production management facilities of soilless cultivation, mechanization and automatic operation are realized, which greatly reduces labor intensity, saves labor force, and improves labor productivity.

3, avoid soil stubble planting obstacles, not easy to occur diseases and pests; Soilless cultivation is carried out under relatively closed environmental conditions, to a large extent to avoid the invasion of the external environment and soil pathogens crops, because the soilless cultivation of crops grow robustly, so the incidence of diseases and pests is much smaller, there is no soil planting parasitic eggs and heavy metal chemical harmful substances and other public hazards pollution.

Soil cultivation in agricultural facilities often results in a large number of vomiting diseases and pests, sudden nutrient imbalance, and self-toxicity caused by plant root secretions, which become a major problem restricting the development of soil cultivation in agricultural facilities. Soilless cultivation can fundamentally avoid and solve the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacles, and after each harvest of crops, as long as the cultivation facilities are cleaned and disinfected, the next crop can be planted immediately.

4. It is conducive to the modernization of agricultural production

Soilless cultivation through the integration of science and technology, the use of modern machinery, crop production according to human consciousness, belongs to a controlled environment of current agricultural production; It is conducive to the realization of agricultural mechanization and automation, so as to gradually move toward industrialization and modernization.

5. Expand agricultural production space

Soilless cultivation crop production gets rid of the constraint of soil. The available space of large expansion month production, idle mountains and wastelands, rivers and even desert Gobi can adopt soilless cultivation for crop production. It can cultivate crops in densely populated cities and use roof terraces, balconies and other Spaces, while improving the living environment. Multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation can be developed in the greenhouse and other horticultural facilities to make full use of space to tap the production potential of horticultural facilities.

Second, what problems should be paid attention to in soilless cultivation of organic vegetables?

Organic vegetable soilless culture is generally substrate culture, and has the advantages of soilless culture, but it should be clearly seen that soilless culture is the product of the development of agricultural science and technology to a certain extent, its application requires certain equipment and technical conditions, soilless culture itself also has some defects; At the same time, organic vegetable production itself has a set of standards and regulations, the implementation of certification management, only fully consider these, seek a proper solution, in order to give full play to its technical advantages;

1. Large investment and high operating costs

To carry out soilless cultivation production, you need to have the corresponding equipment and facilities, is a large-scale intensive modernization figure in the production investment is larger, at present, according to China's national conditions, you can use some energy saving, low consumption form to reduce costs and operating costs;

2, high technical requirements

In the production process of soilless cultivation, water and nutrients should be adjusted and managed according to crops and seasons, and the growing environment should be regulated. Managers must have a certain level of culture, practical experience and technical talent, otherwise it is difficult to achieve good planting results.

3. Full management of soilless cultivation of vegetables

Vegetable soilless cultivation technology in the production process, the management must be good at every link, a detailed record of each production operation process, in order to review and verify, in the case of problems to find out the cause of timely solution.