Development characteristics and present situation of facility agriculture in our country

Facility agriculture includes three fields: facility gardening (planting), facility breeding and facility aquatic products, but local agricultural machinery management departments are used to call facility gardening as facility agriculture. What are the characteristics of the development of facilities and horticultural equipment in China?

Large facility scale

The area of facilities above large and medium-sized arcades in China reaches 3.7 million hectares (55.5 million mu), accounting for 80% of the world's facilities horticultural area. The greenhouse covers an area of 999,000 hectares (15 million mu), accounting for 27% of the country's facility area. Glass greenhouse is known as the highest level of equipment greenhouse, China has 9,000 hectares (135,000 acres), second only to the Netherlands (10,800 hectares), ranking second in the world.

Great demand for equipment

The per unit yield of facility vegetables and facility flowers is less than 15% of that of developed countries such as the Netherlands. The profitability level of intensive operation of facility vegetables is low, and insufficient equipment and equipment integration is one of the main bottlenecks (the other three are labor, input cost, production technology and management level, respectively), which reflects the abnormal correlation between the level of facility equipment and management efficiency. There is even a negative correlation.

Equipment technology has made remarkable progress

Production operation machinery, environmental control equipment, water and fertilizer integration equipment, plant protection equipment, facility production supporting integration technology and other equipment technologies continue to be launched and quickly put into use.

New trends have a big impact

There are obvious trends in five aspects: informatization and digitalization, automation and intelligence, large-scale intensification, green ecology, and whole-process integration, which greatly promote equipment innovation and application upgrading.

The main shortcoming of current facility agriculture

Low level of mechanization

At present, the average mechanization rate of horticultural facilities in China is only 33%, and it is extremely unbalanced in different facilities and different links. The mechanization level of multi-storey greenhouse is relatively high, and the solar greenhouse and greenhouse are low. Cultivation and water and fertilizer links are relatively high, planting and harvesting links are low, and environmental control is in the middle. It is urgent to upgrade equipment from the basic level.

Complete sets of equipment technology is insufficient

The complete set of equipment technology that combines greenhouse and production equipment with cultivated varieties and technologies is insufficient, especially the complete set of equipment technology with good economic benefits. This shortcoming is particularly evident on the international competition platform. In the output of equipment, in addition to Southeast Asia and Africa, Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea are blank, and Russia, South America, Eastern Europe and other major export areas of Europe and the United States, China's proportion is very low.

Inadequate standard setting and publicity

The national standards and industry standards in the field of facilities and horticultural equipment have been promulgated, involving the design, construction, acceptance of greenhouse projects, also involving some equipment, and also involving normative terms. Although the total amount is still insufficient, due to the lack of attention and publicity efforts, the application of existing standards is weak.

Insufficient support services

Compared with traditional agricultural machinery, horticultural equipment products and technologies are relatively new, the standard gap is large, and the existing identification services can not meet the needs of the industry. Facility horticulture pays attention to higher precision, higher requirements for the detection of water and fertilizer and other indicators, and the detection of output indicators, so as to serve production and reflect quality. However, at present, even the institutions for the regular total factor testing of water and fertilizer for soilless cultivation are insufficient, resulting in many large-scale production enterprises with high input and high yield as their goals for a long time to rely on foreign testing.

Some suggestions on the development of facility agriculture

To carry out the national greenhouse zoning and main types of standardization work

Combined with climate zoning, the total amount is summarized according to the characteristics of facility planting categories, and full investigation is carried out to absorb the existing experience at the scientific research and industry level, optimize technical indicators, formulate greenhouse construction standards, and vigorously implement them, and establish guidelines for the implementation of subsidies for facilities and horticultural equipment and industrial investment in various regions.

Support the construction of a number of complete sets of equipment testing and promotion bases

In the face of the new industrial situation and technological progress, the whole process of information management, intelligent equipment in the key links, and mechanized equipment in the main links need to accelerate the research and development and application. The complete set determines the performance of the equipment, and the integration of engineering, equipment and technology determines the feasibility of the application of the equipment, and even the application benefit. Based on the mass categories with obvious technological differences, the construction of a complete set of equipment test and promotion base can integrate engineering and technology well and solve practical problems at the application level.

We will intensify policy guidance

Expand the scope of subsidies for facility horticulture, increase the total amount of subsidies, and form more powerful guidance. Combined with the current greenhouse housing improvement, facilities and horticultural land policies, the introduction of development guidelines, reduce blind investment, and guide benign development.

It is suggested to formulate a National Development Plan for Facility Agriculture

It covers facilities, equipment, production and circulation, conducts scientific research and judgment on the situation, puts forward the direction of industry development, and formulates a policy system of support and promotion.