Are talking about smart agriculture, then what is the key "wisdom" of agriculture?

Intelligent agriculture, which is common in reality, is often just intelligent agriculture. Only when intelligent agriculture is combined with key wisdom and important wisdom systems can it be considered as having great wisdom and can it become a real smart agriculture. The key wisdom of smart agriculture includes green wisdom and characteristic wisdom, among which the key wisdom must promote the development of smart agriculture through the wisdom system, in order to solve the key problems in agricultural development.

Biological agriculture and physical agriculture are important components of agricultural intelligent system, and the organic combination of biological agriculture and physical agriculture is the development direction of intelligent agriculture.

We generally believe that smart agriculture is the application of modern information technology achievements, integrated application of computer and network technology, Internet of Things technology, audio and video technology, 3S technology, wireless communication technology and expert knowledge, through mobile platforms or computer platforms and sensors to control agricultural production. Realize intelligent perception, intelligent analysis, intelligent early warning, intelligent decision-making, precision farming, visual management of the agricultural industry. But in practice, if we only stay on these statements, we can often only be considered intelligent agriculture.

1. The key "wisdom" of smart agriculture

Green wisdom

To have green wisdom, we need to start from the three aspects of resources, environment and ecology. Resources focus on how to use, environment focuses on how to impact, and ecology focuses on how to coordinate.

In terms of resources, with the help of intelligent means, it not only helps to improve the efficiency of resource utilization, but also conforms to the resource carrying capacity, which can avoid the predatory management of resources in agriculture. It is necessary to continuously improve the quality of resources to increase the carrying capacity of resources, and at the same time to strengthen the recycling of resources, so that resources can add value in the cycle, so that limited resources can play a greater role.

In terms of the environment, it is necessary to intelligently analyze and control the environmental pollution stock at any time, but also to determine the environmental capacity and constantly resolve the negative impact of environmental pollution. Although the environmental pollution caused by agricultural activities can be seen from the surface as non-point source pollution (mainly caused by farmland production) and point source pollution (mainly caused by large-scale farming), in essence it is a three-dimensional pollution with circulation and enrichment of water, soil, air and biological pollution chain.

Compared with resources and environment, ecology is the highest level. The construction of ecological civilization has risen to the national strategy, and agriculture is an ecological industry, which should be paid more attention to. Specifically, it is necessary to use intelligent means to make good use of ecological service function value, but also to define the local ecological threshold with intelligent dynamic monitoring. The principle that smart agriculture should follow is that production, life and ecology are "win-win", production and life can not destroy the ecology, and ecological construction should also adapt to the development of production and the improvement of life. Smart agriculture should be conducive to the ecological transformation of the agricultural supply side, which is the root problem, without solving this problem, there will be no high-quality agricultural products, so it is difficult to provide high-quality agricultural products.

Characteristic wisdom

Characteristic wisdom is to use intelligent means to establish a dynamic database of natural endowments in various places, and develop characteristic industries according to their characteristics, so that the agricultural industrial system can have huge development potential and strong market competitiveness.

In the past, when we talked about agriculture, we only talked about the primary production, that is, agricultural production, and little consideration was given to other links in the entire agricultural industry chain, such as the processing of agricultural products, logistics and markets, and social services. In the future, smart agriculture must be lengthened and thicker in the industrial chain, bigger and stronger, and intelligent means such as information collection, processing and feedback should be used to create characteristic industrial clusters that integrate the first, second and third industries.

In addition to the vertical integration of the first, second and third industries, smart agriculture should also form the horizontal integration of agricultural culture and tourism. Characteristic agriculture should promote characteristic culture and characteristic tourism, and in turn, characteristic culture and characteristic tourism will promote characteristic agricultural brand and promote agricultural development. At the same time, the characteristic culture gives birth to the characteristic tourism, the characteristic tourism drives the characteristic culture, and the characteristic tourism brand is promoted by the characteristic culture.

2. Develop an important system for smart agriculture

The key wisdom must rely on the wisdom system to promote the development of smart agriculture and solve the key problems in agricultural development. For a long time, our agricultural science and technology system has favored high yields and neglected ecology. In reality, due to the imperfect market, quality and price are difficult to equal, generally only through high yield benefits, rather than through ecological benefits, to achieve both ecological and efficient is difficult. Smart agriculture must have a smart system of efficient ecology, otherwise it will not be sustainable, let alone intelligent.

Biological agriculture

Biological agriculture is an agricultural science and technology system established according to biological principles, emphasizing the promotion of natural processes and various biological processes to promote the growth of animals and plants, and the establishment of an effective biological epidemic prevention and biological protection system to achieve the ecological balance of agriculture. In addition to biological fertilizers, biological pesticides, biological feeds and biological veterinary drugs, biological agricultural science and technology will be more involved in biological processes such as metabolic systems and immune systems in animals and plants in the future, so that animals and plants can grow healthily and produce high yield and high quality agricultural products.

Physical agriculture

Physical agriculture is the organic combination of physical technology and agricultural production, is the use of light, heat, sound, electricity, magnetic and other physical factors to control the growth and development of animals and plants and their living environment, so as to reduce the dependence on chemical agriculture, improve natural productivity, and ultimately obtain high-yield, high-quality, safe agricultural products. Conventional physical agriculture is the facility agriculture we often see, which increases the light and heat supply of plants through artificial facilities such as greenhouses, in addition to lighting and music breeding. In fact, physical agriculture is much more than that, and the potential for use is huge. At present, the following physical agriculture methods deserve high attention:

In the field of epidemic prevention and plant protection technology, physical methods are used to kill pathogenic microorganisms, pests, weeds and other organisms that are not conducive to the growth of livestock, poultry, fish and crops. For example, the use of static electricity and electric shock technology to kill mites and fly pests; The use of electromagnetic radiation to purify the environment of livestock farms to provide a healthy living environment for livestock.

In terms of growth technology, physical methods are used to optimize plant and animal growth. For example, the use of space electric field and carbon dioxide complement to double crop yields; The application of photocontrolled reproductive technology to regulate the reproductive growth, ovulation and fertilization of poultry and aquatic animals; The use of moderate intensity of sound waves to stimulate the molecular activity in the seeds, so that the young buds are easy to break the skin out, speed up the germination of seeds; Magnetized seeds can improve the enzyme activity of seeds, so that seeds have stronger vitality and germination rate.