Facilities How to manage vegetables in winter? These points need to be grasped

Winter facilities vegetables generally grow fast, high management requirements, see how to manage.

First, reinforce and strengthen facilities

1. Greenhouse reinforcement

Pay attention to strengthen the inspection and maintenance of solar greenhouse skeleton, wall, roller shutter, fan, emergency heating and other equipment, especially the maintenance and reinforcement of old greenhouse as soon as possible.

2, the shed film replacement

Before winter, choose windless weather to replace the dilapidated shed film in time. Among them, the fruit and vegetable production greenhouse should choose a multi-functional plastic film with long life, no drops, high light transmission and high insulation, and the film thickness is at least 0.10mm or more.

3. Cover and heat preservation

Timely replacement has been damaged or insulation performance can not meet the winter production needs of the insulation covering, the general straw mat weight should reach 3.5-4kg /m2, insulation thickness of more than 2cm.

2. Facility vegetable management

1, temperature management from December to February, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 26-32 ° C, the temperature in the first half of the night is maintained at 18-20 ° C, and the minimum temperature in the morning is maintained at more than 8 ° C. In winter, only the top ventilation can be carried out; During ventilation, the amount of ventilation should be gradually increased. At the same time, the film should be hung at the door of the shed and the front face of the shed, and the buffer film should be hung below the upper vent.

In rain and snow weather, take measures such as covering the insulation with plastic film to ensure that the insulation is dry and warm. In extreme weather such as continuous cloudy days, multi-layer coverage is adopted or temporary heating is performed by using warming blocks, high-pressure sodium lamps, electric heating furnaces, automatic heating fans, etc.

2. Light management

Always clean the shed film to ensure light transmittance. In the premise of ensuring the temperature as early as possible to cover the heat insulation to extend the light time. Reflective film can be hung on the back slope of the greenhouse to improve the light on the north side of the greenhouse, so that the distribution of temperature and light in the greenhouse tends to be uniform, and increase the output of vegetables on the north side. In the case of continuous rain and snow, as long as it does not rain and snow, it is necessary to pull up the insulation quilt for a short time, so that crops can use scattered light for photosynthesis. In the case of long Yin and sunny weather, half of the heat preservation quilt should be properly placed before and after noon to avoid wilting of plants.

3. Humidity management

Reasonable control of indoor humidity to reduce the incidence of diseases. Winter greenhouse vegetable watering should be arranged around noon, after 10 am before 3 PM is good, the temperature of this period is higher, the side effects after watering are minimal; Avoid watering early in the morning and in the evening to prevent freezing damage to vegetables.

In the case of low temperature in winter, the soil water evaporation in the greenhouse is slow, and the water demand is reduced accordingly, so the amount of watering can be small and the interval is appropriate for longer, so as to avoid plant diseases caused by low temperature and high humidity. The watering principle is appropriate to meet the water required by vegetables, and it is best to combine watering and fertilization.

After watering in winter, it is easy to cause problems such as low temperature, high humidity, and many diseases in the greenhouses, so the first two days after watering should first warm up to about 30 ° C at noon, and the stuffy shed for 1 hour to improve the temperature of the greenhouses. Then increase the ventilation volume and reduce the humidity inside the shed.

4. Plant adjustment technique

The temperature and light conditions in the greenhouse in winter are relatively poor, and the planting density should be appropriately reduced, generally 70%-80% of the spring greenhouse cultivation density. Fruits, melons and other vegetables should be timely hanging vine, pruning, picking heart, removing old and diseased leaves, thinning flowers and fruits and other plant adjustments, improve ventilation and light conditions, maintain the balance of seedlings. Especially in the case of continuous cloudy days or cold current strong cooling and other abnormal weather, it is necessary to pick commercial fruits and appropriate flower thinning fruits as early as possible to reduce the burden on plants and enhance the ability of vegetables to recover growth.

5. Water and fertilizer management

Watering do "three watering three not watering", that is, watering on sunny days, not watering on cloudy days, watering before noon, not watering in the afternoon, watering small water, not watering large water. The water temperature of irrigation should be kept above 10℃.

6. Pest control

Cultivation and environmental control techniques such as grafting and seedling raising, promoting root and seedling strengthening, drip irrigation under film, ventilation and humidity lowering were used to improve disease resistance and prevent disease. For common diseases and pests, select targeted insecticides and fungicides for prevention and control in advance.

3. Timely harvesting

Fruits and vegetables to balance the relationship between seedlings and fruits, timely harvest. Other types of vegetables, according to the market conditions and the commercial nature of the plant, reasonable arrangements for harvesting. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to disaster warning at any time, and timely harvest vegetables that meet commodity standards before disasters occur to reduce disaster losses.