What are the risks of developing facility agriculture and how to prevent them?

Driven by the rural revitalization strategy, facility agriculture has become a key force to promote agricultural modernization and increase farmers' income. However, as the scale of the industry expands, those who want to enter the facility agriculture industry will be concerned about the risks they face.

Fund risk and prevention suggestions

Shortage of funds is a common problem in the development of facility agriculture, mainly including land transfer contract, greenhouse construction, agricultural machinery purchase and other high early investment, as well as long-term operating costs, such as production means update, labor costs. Overall, facility agriculture requires higher financing and sustained investment.

Capital risk prevention requires the government to cooperate with financial institutions to increase the financial support for facility agriculture, provide low-interest loans and financial subsidies; Set up an emergency reserve fund to support facility agriculture practitioners who face closure due to lack of funds; Implement strict loan supervision to avoid the occurrence of sub-prime loans; At the same time, increase the publicity of the correct investment concept, guide the orderly development of the industry, and ensure the effective use of funds.

Technical risk and prevention suggestions

The risk caused by the lack of technical level involves two aspects of planting technology and management technology, the former includes seed selection, shed type design, seedling distribution, fertilization, mechanization and other technical operations; The latter is the lack of advanced management concepts and management methods, such as sound financial management, effective human resource management and strict product quality control technology.

Technical risk prevention needs to vigorously promote and promote the implementation of the "national expert" plan. Relying on the cultivation of new types of professional farmers, we will vigorously carry out training in agricultural technology and knowledge, and improve the professional and technical level of farmers. Explore and build a new model of agricultural science and technology service of "innovation team + grassroots agricultural technology promotion + new management body", introduce or research and develop new excellent varieties and advanced planting management technology, and strengthen the promotion and application of effective new technologies.

Disaster risk and prevention suggestions

There are risks of natural disasters and pests in the development of facility agriculture. In terms of natural disasters, since facility agriculture is mainly developed by retail farmers, the proportion of large-scale production enterprises is still relatively low, so the overall cost of shed facilities is low, the number of bamboo sheds is still large, the overall disaster resistance of sheds is poor, and there is a risk of natural disasters such as wind, hail and waterlogging destroying greenhouses and greenhouses. In terms of pests and diseases, at present, the rapid variety of pests, increasing drug resistance, and the invasion of foreign diseases and pests are increasing, and there is a risk of crop failure or even extinction due to timely control.

In terms of disaster risk prevention, it is first necessary to upgrade agricultural facilities and promote greenhouses and greenhouses with strong disaster resistance, such as sheds with steel structures and the use of higher strength shed films. We will provide subsidies to rural households that upgrade their shantyhouses to ease their burden on production and operation. Secondly, expand the types of disaster prevention insurance, especially the types of agricultural catastrophe insurance; Increase the early warning of meteorological disasters, and remind the practitioners of facility agriculture to take preventive measures in time; Promote property insurance, encourage individual farmers to take the initiative to take out insurance, and adopt appropriate subsidies to promote the promotion of facility agriculture insurance. Finally, strengthen the training on the detection and control of pests and diseases, broaden the information channels for the prevention of exotic species, timely attention and timely treatment, and carry out prevention work in the region in advance and increase the control efforts.

Market risk and prevention suggestions

Most agricultural products of facility agriculture are highly dependent on the external market, which is greatly affected by the price fluctuations of the external market, and there is a risk of farmers' income decreasing due to the changes of supply and demand in the external market. In addition, most of the facilities agricultural products planted by individual farmers have narrow sales channels, and can only allow dealers to control the sales channels and markets, resulting in weak bargaining power of individual farmers and low profit margins. At the same time, due to the lack of leading enterprises, most of the front-end and back-end business entities of the facility agriculture industry chain are small and scattered.

In terms of market risk prevention, one is to strengthen the promotion of new insurance such as price index insurance for planting and harvesting; Second, the government introduces merchants and broadens sales channels through investment promotion. The third is to build an online sales platform of agricultural products that integrates online channels and offline channels to achieve one-stop aggregation of online display, online trading, logistics tracking, online payment, and product traceability of agricultural products, so as to show agricultural products to a larger market.

Risk of unsustainable industrial development

There are the following problems in facility agriculture: first, the employees of facility agriculture are aging seriously, and the young labor force is reluctant to engage in agriculture; Second, the existing scientific research and innovation can not meet the needs of planting variety improvement and planting process improvement of facility agriculture; Third, soil degradation caused by long-term irrational use of pesticides and improper planting management; Fourth, all aspects of the front, middle and back end of facility agriculture failed to establish a unified industry standard and failed to form a unified and open market, which made it difficult to effectively supervise and maintain the well-ordered development of the market and increase the communication cost of all parties.

To ensure the sustainable development of facility agriculture, we must first increase the introduction and training of talents, attract local and foreign talents to invest in the development of facility agriculture, and add fresh blood; Strengthen the publicity and cultivation of "high-quality farmers", strengthen support for new forms of business such as agricultural products e-commerce, and stimulate young labor to join traditional agriculture to drive industrial transformation and upgrading; To strengthen cooperation with research institutions, encourage students majoring in agronomy to practice, and use preferential policies to attract them to stay in the local development. Secondly, the establishment of facilities agricultural development research laboratories (or small science and technology institutes), joint scientific research institutes in the local establishment of agricultural product test fields, regular cultivation or introduction of new products, new varieties conducive to the development of local industries in a timely manner to promote the field, the scientific research results effectively transformed into local industrial production competitiveness. Finally, build agricultural brands with local characteristics, fully tap and make use of local characteristics, improve product quality, increase publicity to enhance regional brand awareness, and make product brands become local business cards.

Policy risk and prevention suggestions

Facility agriculture has the characteristics of large initial capital investment, slow recovery, high requirements for planting technology, and the need for a complete sales and logistics system. To promote the development and growth of facility agriculture industry, the government cannot do without providing effective policy support in financing, technical training, expanding sales channels, product promotion, and construction of logistics sales parks. At present, many local facility agriculture industry is large but not strong, product sales are large but thin, and the industrial chain is not extended enough. The entire industrial system is basically established, but the market standard level still needs to be improved. Overall, the development potential is large, but the industrial upgrading is difficult. It needs continuous direction guidance and policy support from the government.

In terms of policy risk prevention, formulate more effective medium - and long-term facility agriculture industry support policies, further lead the facility agriculture industry to become bigger and stronger, and promote the further upgrading of the facility agriculture industry under the premise of stabilizing the existing industrial pattern and protecting the interests of facility agriculture practitioners. Seek truth from facts, combined with the actual needs of the development of the facility agriculture industry and even industrial upgrading and transformation, through medium and long-term planning and layout, maintain policy stability. Avoiding policy changes that might result from government turnover would also boost the confidence of those working in the facility agriculture industry. We should actively explore the policy system to effectively promote the digital and intelligent development of facility agriculture industry.

Through its intelligent management system, facility agriculture achieves precise control of key growth factors such as soil, water, light, gas and fertilizer, improving crop yield and quality while also reducing the burden on the environment. With the continuous attention of the country to food security and food safety, the development of facility agriculture has an irreplaceable role in ensuring the supply of food and "vegetable basket", or promoting the transformation and upgrading of agriculture.